nmap
Basic usage
Base syntax
nmap [scan type] [options] {targets}Target specification
IPv4 address: 192.168.1.1
IPv6 address: AABB:CCDD:FF%eth0
Host name: www.target.com
IP address range: 192.168.0-255.0-255
CIDR block: 192.168.0.0/16
Input from list of hosts/networks: -iL <filename>
Target ports
-F: scan 100 most popular ports
-p<port1>-<port2>: port range
-p<port1>,<port2>,...: port list
-pU:53,U:110,T20-445: mix TCP and UDP
-r: scan ports consecutively - don't randomize
--top-ports <n>: scan n most popular ports
-p-65535: leaving off initial ports make nmap scan start at port 1
-p0-: leaving off end port makes nmap scan up to port 65535
-p: leaving off start and end port makes nmap scan ports 1-65535
Probing options
-Pn: treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery
-PB: default probe (TCP 80, 445 & ICMP)
-PS<port list>: check wheter targets are up by probing TCP ports
-PE: use ICMP echo request.
-PP: use ICMP timestamp request.
-PM: use ICMP netmask request.
Scan types
-sn: probe only (host discovery, not port scan)
-sS: SYN scan (https://nmap.org/book/synscan.html)
-sT: TCP connect scan
-sU: UDP scan
-sV: version scan
-O: OS detection
--scanflags: set custom list of TCP using URGACKPSHRSTSYNFIN in asy order.
Timing options
-T0: paranoid scan, a very slow scan (used for IDS evasion)
-T1: sneaky scan, excellent for avoiding firewalls (used for IDS evasion)
-T2: polite scan, unlikely to interfere with the target system (-10 times slower than default)
-T3: normal scan, the default NMAP timing template (based on target responsiveness)
-T4: aggressive scan, provides faster results on LANs (may overwhelm targets)
-T5: insane scan, a fast aggressive scan (will likely overwhelm targets or miss open ports)
Output formats
-oN: standard nmap output
-oG: greppable format
-oX: XML format
-oA <basename>: generate nmap, greppable, and XML output files using basename for files
Scripts
--script: specify a script to run on the target
-sC: equivalent to --script=default
Misc options
-n/-R: never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]
-6: use IPv6 only
-A: use several features, includinig OS detection, version detection, script scanning (default), and traceroute.
--reason: display reason nmap thinks port is open, closed, or filtered.
--open: only show open (or possibly open) ports
-v: increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)
Examples
nmap -sV {target ip}nmap -sV -sC {target ip}nmap -sV -sC -Pn {target ip}nmap -sV --script http-enum -Pn {target ip}nmap -p 445 --script vuln -Pn {target ip}nmap -p 445 --script smb-vuln-* -Pn {target ip}nmap -F -sV -sC -sU -T4 {target ip}nmap -sV -sC -n --min-rate 1000 -T4 {target ip}nmap -p- -sS --min-rate 5000 --open -vv -n -Pn {target ip}# split the scan in two phases
ports=$(nmap -p- --min-rate 1000 -T4 -Pn {target ip} | grep '^[0-9]' | cut -d '/' -f 1 | tr '\n' ',' | sed s/,$//)
nmap -p$ports -sV -sC -Pn {target ip}Links
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